Why Was The First Day Of The Battle Of The Somme S Essays - France

Why Was The First Day Of The Battle Of The Somme Such A Disaster? There were many reasons that led to the British tragedy of the Somme including: defective ammunitions for the artillery and the strength of the German trenches. In retrospect, I believe that the most important and effecting factor that led to Britain's failure was the German's strength. The first problem with the Somme was the lack of British experience when manufacturing and using ammunitions. This was a serious problem because the attack relied on mostly the artillery's ammunition destroying the Germans defences. The defective ammunitions were not the only problem though. On the day of the Somme the British military did not have enough trained soldiers to operate the artillery so they had to use untrained and inexperienced men this was to their downfall because for the artillery to work they had to be fired a t precise points which clearly the soldiers would struggle with because they were untrained. Another mistake that the British army made on the first day of the Somme was the fact that they underestimated the Germans. The before the attack the German military had been working had at making sure that their trenches were the best that they could be. They did this by not only building them into specific areas that were naturally reinforced but also made sure that the conditions inside were good for their soldier so that they would be healthy and ready to fight. A third precaution that the Germans took that Britain could not have foreseen was Germany's research into the soldier's helmets. The German military created a helmet that not only was super strong but covered the most essential parts of the wearer's neck saving countless lives. The third cause of Britain's downfall was their attacking pattern. This was such a large factor because the way the British advanced helped the Germans shoot them down easier. Due to the lack of experience of the British military the government tried to create a simple formation that everyone could follow with ease. The tactic was to advance slowly in a straight horizontal line this was such a problem because they just became slow moving lined up targets for the German machine guns to easily shoot down. In conclusion, I think that the most important reason that led to Britain's downfall was the reinforced German trenches. This is because even if the British ammunition was not defective and they had a decent advancing strategy then they would still have been arrived with the task of destroyin g the trenches which would still have been no easy feat.

The Chronic Offender of DUI essays

The Chronic Offender of DUI essays There is reason to believe that the most frequent chronic offenders are the ones least likely to be classified as criminals, either by the courts or by the community: drunk drivers. Yet, the number of drivers arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol makes it clear that this is probably the single greatest category of criminal behavior in the nation. As reported on the Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Web site, the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration noted that approximately 1.4 million drivers were arrested in 2001 for driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotics. That equaled an arrest rate of one for every 137 licensed drivers in the United States (2003). Moreover, drunk or substance-impaired driving is not likely to be an isolated incident, like the instance of the Honors Society high school student who swipes a CD player on a dare and the like. Rather, drunk and impaired drivers are very likely to be chronic offenders. "About one-third of all drivers arrested or convicted of driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence of alcohol are repeat offenders" (Fell, 1995, quoted by MADD, 2004). In addition, in 2001, "about 1,461 fatalities occurred in crashes involving alcohol-impaired or intoxicated drivers who had at least one previous DWI convictionabout 8.4 percent of all alcohol- related traffic fatalities (Runge, 2003, quoted by MADD And yet, increasingly, drunk and substance-intoxicated drivers are being treated not as criminals, even when they have been involved in vehicular manslaughter,' or have killed someone. Increasingly, they are being treated as people who have a chronic disease rather than as people who chronically decide to break the law with often devastating effects. The three strikes and you're out' mentality is only marginally involved in punishment and/or rehabi...

Entrepreneurship & Business Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Entrepreneurship & Business Plan - Term Paper Example The actors on the entrepreneurial stage, whether they own or run a business, know that effective business planning is the key to the long-term success of a company, as well as to its capacity of attracting investments and gathering funds. People knowledgeable in this domain, such as bankers, accountants or academicians have spoken a lot on how to prepare a business plan; therefore the importance of such a plan cannot be underestimated. Yet it seems that the more information there is the more confused people get about what a business plan should include. There is no perfect combination of content, facts and figures. A business plan has to clearly lay out the vision of your business, its achievements (if it is the case) and its potential of development. â€Å"A business plan should tell a compelling story, make an argument and conservatively predict the future, and companies have different stories to tell, different arguments to make and different futures to predict† (Chapter 3: the role your business plan plays.). That is why, when looking to raise capital, the business plan is also a very useful instrument. Still, loaners will mainly look at the financial part of your plan, as they are generally interested to turn profit. Investors, on the other hand, are more susceptible to the idea, the main concept of the business, although they will not invest in something that looks like a bad investment, so the idea has to be very well founded. Business planning has to be understood as a complex process, through which the entrepreneur creates a model of how the business will look like in the future. Also, business planning is a very dynamic process and the target has to be continuously moving, that is, the business has to grow and develop in order to keep the game going. That is why, a business plan is necessary because it represents the road map for the company: it is pointing out the goals, it is

Continuous Professional Development of a Mental Health Social Care Coursework

Continuous Professional Development of a Mental Health Social Care Manager - Coursework Example Merle Recruitment social forethought agencies dependably attempt to make express the connection between keeping up skill and undertaking CPD movement. For numerous professionals, be that as it may, the term proceeding professional development is more about what they do than what it implies. They emphasize the movement itself, (for example, going to a gathering) instead of the reason for the action (staying up with the latest). It is paramount, notwithstanding, that we do the inverse. Going to a meeting does not in itself guarantee that we are sheltered to practice. In any case, if rather, for instance, we distinguish that we have to overhaul our information and abilities in our work with individuals who are extremely introvert and particularly go to a meeting workshop on this theme, this may carry us closer to guaranteeing that our clinical practice is sheltered. It is an unobtrusive, however significant, distinction. As the Assistant Manager at Merle Recruitment social forethought org, I generally expect that they were fit to practice as a recently qualified specialist, say 25 years prior. In any case what matters to you now when you counsel them? For the majority of us, we have to realize that the professionals we counsel about significant matters are equipped to practice, paying little heed to if they qualified yesterday, a year ago or 25 years back. This is the place CPD enters the picture. The most recent day of professional preparing signs the start of deep-rooted taking in (Golding & Gray, 2006). These days, most professional forms have built CPD forms that their parts are obliged to accompany. For numerous professional gatherings, enrollment to practice is expressly connected to confirmation that they embrace methodical CPD.  

The Storm of 1928 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Storm of 1928 - Essay Example The overwhelming number of dead bodies were just too much for the rescue team. With just a number of days the wetness and the sun that set the place made the bodies decay beyond recognition. Some of the bodies were burnt in the fire as there was nowhere the bodies could be taken for burial. This points to a lack of the preparation measures of such a disaster.  The evacuation measures that could be used to save people in case flood struck were largely lacking. Apart from those who instantly died from the overflowing water, others died as they tried to find their way to a safe place. They would travel long distance where the flood had thrown them without finding any help. Frail and weak, many of them died while in search for food and shelter. If there were a good rescue measure, some of these people could have been saved. For instance, use of state resources such as military helicopters that could have been sent to rescue the survivors.  The technological advancement perhaps has ma naged to enable things that were impossible do back then in 1928. For instance, the detectors that can be used to warn of any changing cyclone movement in oceans that would be alert of any impending danger. Despite the limit of the technology back then, there were alerts made through the Radio. The government should have made efforts to relocate those people close to the coastline. The fact some people went around telling others of the impending hurricane cannot be used as a justification that proper information was given to the victims.

Effects of Climate Change on the Middle East

Effects of Climate Change on the Middle East The Effects of Climate Change on the Middle East The Middle East is going to experience a very tough patch in the coming years, with Climate Change threatening basic life, political tensions dividing countries and the economy relying on depleting oil reserves. Of course this is not true for the whole region but mealy a vague overview and this is what this essay aims to look at in more depth. Global climate change is predicted to have many effects across the face of the earth, some of which can be seen right now. The Middle East is one of the most water scarce places on Earth. A person living in this region only has access to â€Å"1,200 cubic meters of water per year, compared with the average of about 7,000 cubic meters worldwide†. As temperatures rise due to anthropogenic climate change, evaporation rates will also rise, leading to reduced output from any surface water storages (reservoirs and rivers). The first effect will be water shortages hitting agriculture as there will be lack of water to feed crops, then ordinary lower class civilians with basic jobs will also feel the impact of water shortages. The result would cause crop failure and lead to starvation as basic local food becomes scarce (Saudi Arabia is nearly self sufficient in wheat but without water crops will be lost). Food prices will rocket as they have to import more to meet the demand. This has already been seen as two recent droughts in Iraq 1999/00 and 2000/01 caused non-irrigated wheat production to decrease by 90%. Exports of agricultural products will cease and over sea revenue will dwindle excluding the oil industry. This will lead to increased poverty across the region. Lack of available jobs and poverty mixed together with food and water scarcity may push people to extreme political groups as those in Iraq and Afghanistan, thus making stable regions ticking time bombs. The lack of available drinking water would embark on people finding other sources which could distort their health increasing cholera and other water born diseases, as countries in the Middle East do not have well developed sewerage systems outside of main cities and that people relieve themselves where ever possible⠁ ´. This pressure puts immense strain on services such as the health service, but also on the government as citizens will be demanding action, raising political tensions. The government could respond by importing more water at a financial cost but also an environmental one. By importing water you require transport. Pipe lines are expensive and time consuming to build, so short term solutions will include the transportation of water by either lorry or ship, into the country either from Asia or Europe. This method releases even more COâ‚‚ and acts as a positive feedback towards climate change, so is not a suitable method as it leads to even greater water scarcity. Aquifer sources are already under serious depletion in this region⠁ ¸ and as the demand increases it will require more to be abstracted, which means improvements in technology will be made so that more water can be pumped to the surface at a faster rate. However it will have devastating consequences such as subsidence or saline water intrusion which will be just as serious. Subsidence is already occurring in western Saudi Arabia due to over abstraction of groundwaterand that the majority of the water supplies are retrieved from non-renewable water with only a small percentage coming from internally renewable sources. The West Bank and Gaza are in a much more comfortable situation compared to Saudi as they have much more internally renewable water but that does not exempt them from a water crisis. Of Gazas available sources of water, only 5-10% is potable due to contamination. The diagram above shows that the Middle East (especially Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Syria) has a very high stress for water availability. Saudi Arabia has invested heavily in desalination plants with money from the oil industry but is still struggling to cope with demand. The country is now abstracting from â€Å"underground supplies in its east province reducing the agriculture and water availability of Qatar and Bahrain†Ã¢  ¸ and the annual recharge rate is a mere 0-5mm⠁ µ. This climate in Saudi Arabia is predominantly arid and semi arid but temperature extremes can be found at the Najd high Plateau with very hot summers and bitter cold winters. The coastal region experiences a slightly less harsh climate due to the Red Sea. The mean annual rainfall for this region is very worrying already (see diagram below) without the predicted impacts of climate change. The diagram also highlights that large areas are unable to cultivate crops without heavy irrigation which leads back to the political tensions arising over abstraction of underground water supplies and reduced output of crops. As you can see Turkey and the North West of Iran have much wetter climates but this could all change. Precipitation is expected to shift in the negative direction around the Middle East as shown in diagram from the IPCC Technical Paper leading to a decline in soil moisture content which increases daytime temperatures⠁ ´. Countries on the northern side, for example Turkey, are expected to bit hit hard due to their reliance on rivers and surface water storages. Turkeys average annual rainfall fluctuates depending on the area. Coastal regions experience 668mm per year, but central regions can get as low as 382mm per year. Large drops in annual rainfall could cause serious droughts as rivers and surface storages dry up leading to consequences highlighted earlier in this essay. Precipitation extremes will become more frequent due to climate change in this area, which would vastly increase the chances of flooding around the Jordan River as well as leading to serious soil erosion by rain splash. The sheer volume of precipitation will cause channels Climate Change and Water and gullies to form, washing the soil and sediments into water bodies. In turn it could reduce potable water even more so due to contamination as synthetic fertilisers and nutrients are washed out of soilsas well as having the effect of increasing turbidity. Predicted increases of runoff in the northern region of the Middle East will not help matters. Eutrophication is a major consequence leading to a decline in aquatic life as the excess nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) enter a water body and cause an algae bloom. This blocks sunlight from reaching bottom dwelling photosynthesising organisms which results in them dying. Zooplankton which feed on algae also live and hide amongst the lower photosynthesising organisms so their population will decline rapidly promoting algae growth to increase further (predator prey relationship). The algae have a high turnover rate (high growth and high death rates) and the dead algae are decomposed by respiring organisms which uses the oxygen up. This has been noted in the Keban Dam in eastern Anatolia. Pollutants like those leaked from the oil industry would have detrimental effects on the surrounding plant and wildlife with increased runoff, ultimately leading to decreasing biodiversity and the loss of environmentally sensitive areas along the Red Sea coast line. Coastal regions are also becoming under immense stress and are extremely vulnerable to increases in sea level. The table taken from The Impact of Sea Level indicates the overall effects of increases in 1m sea level changes across the Middle East and North Africa. A 1m increase would cause 24,000 sq km to be impacted which is a huge amount but the only country to be largely affected by this is Qatar. Around 13% is predicted to be impacted with a 5m increase ²Ã‚ ². This will cause mass displacement of people, forcing migration of people living close to the coast. Their quality of life will be directly affected as would the standard of living unless governments intervened and relocated them in permanent locations. If not, refugee camps will be a large regional problem. A Comparative Analysis 5% of UAEs population will experience the consequences of a 1m rise but 10-15% will be exposed to further increases. Qatars GDP will suffer greatly (10%) leading to further money deficit problems, and unable to counter the consequences of climate change and increased sea level ²Ã‚ ². The country will fall to outside help but whether it receives it is another matter. The population and economy are not the only victims of climate change. Precious wetlands will be lost in the Middle East around coastal countries like Qatar, Kuwait and UAE. With a 1m rise in sea level over 20% of Qatars wetlands will be affected which is alarming as they are essential for bird and invertebrate diversity. Populations are very small and are very vulnerable to slight changes. The red sea is home to a large variety of coral reefs. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is not only causing increasing temperatures and sea levels, but also the sea to become more acidic. These three effects are having direct impacts of precious coral reefs around the world. Coral structures are being weakened by carbonic acids reacting with their skeletons due to the acidification of the sea, making them more prone to damage. What is more alarming is corals chose a habitat with a very limited tidal range. With increasing sea levels There will be catastrophic social and economic consequences due to anthropogenic climate change. The social classes are already distorted in the third world oil exporting countries. The poor do not benefit from the oil revenues directly and it often has the effect of bringing about authoritarian and repressive regimes. Saudi Arabia owns 20% of the worlds oil reserves and is also the main producer of crude oil, with an estimated production of 10.72 million barrels a day. This is a huge over sea revenue generator and without it Middle Eastern countries like Saudi, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates would find it very difficult to develop as huge investments in infrastructure are needed. With increasing worry about serious climate change, many things are bound to happen in the near future. The first prediction is that MEDCs stop buying oil completely due to worldwide cooperation against climate change (which is extremely unlikely as no main alternative for the transport sector has been fully developed and applied on a large scale⠁ ´ let alone countries committing to such ‘risky deals). Alternatively large COâ‚‚ cuts may be sanctioned and oil will fall to this. The UK has agreed to 80% emission cuts by 2050. The hypothetical reason behind this is that as climate change becomes more rooted in politics, more action will be taken. Eventually oil will run out anyway and some governments in the coming century may take the first leap for their countries and find ways to live entirely on renewable resources. This would be devastating for Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates as oil exports are their biggest revenue generator. Saudi Arabias eco nomy revolves around oil, â€Å"the petroleum sector accounts for roughly 80% of budget revenues, 45% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings. About 40% of GDP comes from the private sector. Roughly 6.4 million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, particularly in the oil and service sectors†, the countries with their biggest reliance on oil in their economy is highlighted in the diagram above, and out of the top five, four of them are situated in the Middle East with nearly 97% related to oil. If countries stop buying this oil, then the demand will dramatically drop leading to a vast decrease in the price of a barrel of oil (simple supply and demand economics), a decrease in $1 per barrel would lose $3.4billion in revenue. This will lead to decreased public spending on projects like motorways, airports and hospitals, but the whole crude oil industry could be vulnerable to total collapse if a worldwide embargo was set to stop the use of crude oil. Saudi citi zens benefit from not paying taxes due to the shear flow of capital from the oil industry but without it, life will become much harder. It would have direct effects on employment; although oil exporting countries are trying to diversify their economy before it is too late, showing that there is a concern over the coming future. As the public spending dwindles, development will start to cease. The infrastructure will not improve as large amounts of revenue needed cannot be found and unemployment rates will sky rocket, even though unemployment rates are the highest in the world already at 13.2%. Standard of life will drop significantly as well as quality of living. This is where the most social consequences will be seen as education will be in jeopardy as will health and well being. If schools cannot be built then children are denied of learning which vastly decreases the chances of a higher skilled job and lowers literacy rates. As road building slows down, trade will be limited as i t requires vast networks which are not fully installed in the more rural areas. In result foreign investors will be put off, and agricultural trade will be limited to local markets⠁ ´. Tourism will be greatly affected by the changing climate, political tensions and rising concerns over food and water security. â€Å"The Middle East totalled 46 million international tourist arrivals and continues to be one of the tourism success stories of the decade so far, despite ongoing tensions and threats† in 2007. This is leading to a vast increase in pressure but is also fuelling the diversification of the economy. Hotels are struggling to cope with numbersand the indication of extreme events does not seem to be slowing the average annual growth of 9.3% ³Ã¢  ´. The tourism industry will be ruined by any such event mentioned previously due to the reputation of the area; but does deeply depend on how the governments handle the situations. If the countries in this region act now by carefully managing scare non-renewable water supplies as well as energy usage and keeping cooperation between countries going they stand a good chance of adapting to the effects of anthropo genic climate change. Investing in the local economy would benefit the region as a whole, by providing more jobs and help areas to develop which would otherwise be left on their own to cope with the changes. In conclusion it is clear that climate change will have enormous effects on this region of the world, ranging from the social distortion from dwindling unemployment rates to the increase in precipitation extremes leading to soil desertification. 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Character Sketch of Ethan Frome Essay -- Essays Papers

Character Sketch of Ethan Frome â€Å"Guess he’s been in Starkfield too many winters. Most of the smart ones get away† (6). That, said by Harmon Gow, was definitely how Ethan Frome could be described. Too many winters in Starkfield had taken its toll on Ethan, and it was obvious to see. Ethan, â€Å"the ruin of a man† (3), just hadn’t gotten out of Starkfield in time. Now, as the narrator related, â€Å"There was something bleak and unapproachable in his face; and he was so stiffened and grizzled I took him for an old man† (4). Ethan had clearly become a depressed individual and had been for a very long time. Ethan was very sad man. Ethan never got to finish his studies and thought about it from time to time. Even at the beginning of the book when the narrator dropped his copy of Popular Science, it was obvious Ethan had a sad, nostalgic tone about him as he talked about the fact that he used to study in that field. Ethan was also sad that he had to come home every night to a woman who didn’t love him. Zeena was a self-absorbed woman whose only happiness came from other’s grief. The moment she left town every minute of Ethan’s life became better. The thought of Zeena even made him jump as shown in this quotation: â€Å"Ethan, a moment earlier, had felt himself on the brink of eloquence; but the mention of Zeena had paralyzed him† (84). Ethan was also sad because he couldn’t run away with Mattie and live in another place with her. This is extremely evident in this quotation: â€Å" A moment...